> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://as-pect.gitbook.io/as-pect/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://as-pect.gitbook.io/as-pect/.pi/skills/tdd/interface-design.md).

# Interface Design for Testability

Good interfaces make testing natural:

1. **Accept dependencies, don't create them**

   ```typescript
   // Testable
   function processOrder(order, paymentGateway) {}

   // Hard to test
   function processOrder(order) {
     const gateway = new StripeGateway();
   }
   ```
2. **Return results, don't produce side effects**

   ```typescript
   // Testable
   function calculateDiscount(cart): Discount {}

   // Hard to test
   function applyDiscount(cart): void {
     cart.total -= discount;
   }
   ```
3. **Small surface area**
   * Fewer methods = fewer tests needed
   * Fewer params = simpler test setup